Nagi Obeid - Computer Graphics
Graphics Rendering using RayTracing
Core Principles of Ray Tracing
Ray Generation
The algorithm starts at the camera (viewer position) and shoots rays into the scene. Each ray corresponds to a pixel on the screen, determining its color by analyzing interactions with scene objects.
Ray-Object Intersection
The algorithm checks whether the ray intersects an object in the scene. Uses mathematical intersection formulas (e.g., sphere intersection equation, triangle ray intersection using the Möller-Trumbore algorithm). Finds the nearest object to ensure correct depth ordering.
Shading & Material Evaluation
Determines surface properties at the intersection point. Computes normals for shading and applies Phong illumination, Lambertian reflection, or Physically-Based Rendering (PBR) models.
Reflection & Refraction (Recursive Ray Tracing)
If the surface is reflective (like glass or mirrors), secondary rays bounce off, capturing environment reflections. If transparent, refraction is computed using Snell’s Law, bending light according to the material’s refractive index.
Shadow Calculation (Shadow Rays)
Shoots rays from the intersection point toward light sources. If the ray hits an object before reaching the light source, the point is in shadow. Supports soft shadows using area lighting.
Global Illumination & Light Transport
Advanced ray tracing uses Monte Carlo path tracing to simulate indirect lighting. Rays bounce between surfaces, accumulating complex lighting effects like color bleeding, caustics, and ambient occlusion.
Rendering Techniques
Ray-Traced Sphere
Ray tracing calculates how rays of light interact with a sphere, determining surface normals, shading, and reflections.
Multiple Light Sources
Using various light types (point, directional, ambient) helps create realistic highlights, shadows, and reflections.
Area Lighting
Simulates soft shadows by treating lights as surfaces rather than single points, improving realism.
Diffuse Lighting
Models how light scatters across surfaces, creating natural-looking shading on matte materials.
Ray-Trace Shadows
Calculates secondary rays from objects to light sources to determine shadow softness and accuracy.
Project Status
Advanced Rendering
